Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a common condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort. This condition can vary from mild to severe and is usually referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when it becomes chronic.

Causes of Acid Reflux

The primary cause of acid reflux is a malfunction of the bottom esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the end of the esophagus that acts as a valve. Normally, the LES opens to allow food into the stomach and closes to stop acid from escaping. On the flip side, in the event the LES is weak or relaxes inappropriately, stomach acid can backflow into the esophagus.

Several factors can contribute to the weakening of the LES, including obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and certain foods and beverages for example spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol. As well, eating large meals or lying down immediately after eating can raise the risk of acid reflux.

Symptoms of Acid Reflux

The most frequent symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, a burning sensation within the chest that may extend to the neck and throat. Other symptoms include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, laryngitis, and the feeling of a lump in the throat. In severe cases, it may result in inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis), which may cause bleeding or ulcers.

Managing Acid Reflux

Managing acid reflux often involves lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. Here are several effective strategies:

Dietary Adjustments: Avoid foods and beverages that trigger reflux. Eating smaller, more frequent meals as opposed to large meals also can help.
Weight Management: Losing weight if overweight can reduce pressure on the stomach and LES.
Elevate the Head During Sleep: Raising the head of the bed by 6-8 inches can prevent acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep.
Medications: Antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can reduce stomach acid production and provide relief.
Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Both can weaken the LES and increase acid reflux symptoms.
In cases where lifestyle changes and medications don’t provide sufficient relief, surgical options such as fundoplication might be considered.

Acid reflux is a manageable condition with proper lifestyle adjustments and medical treatment. If you experience frequent or severe symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare provider to develop an effective management plan and prevent complications.